Gas Tank
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What happens when an underground gas tank leaks?
When an underground gas tank leaks, what sort of environmental issues does it cause? What happens to the gas or oil once it has leaked out into the soil?
This is a relatively common environmental problem. The first thing that happens is that the oil (or gas as in gasoline but not gas as in natural gas) tends to fill up the soil in the original excavation made for putting the tank in the ground. Usually sand is used as fill around the tank and this is a porous material that has a lot of space for liquid to fill.
over time, the oil (gasoline) will also migrate into the surrounding sediments. Normally the oil will migrate primarily downward until it hits the water table. When it hits water, it then starts to spread sidewards (oil floats on water). This sidewards movement may occur right away if the water table is high and already at the level of the tank (quite common).
As the oil moves, it coats the particles of soil and contaminates the stuff. Once it hits water, it also contaminates the water, and the water is always moving, even if slowly, and thus the contamination will migrate in the same direction as the groundwater is moving.
If the leak is not discovered for a very long time, large volumes of soil and huge areas of groundwater may become contaminated.
Eventually, the contaminated groundwater will reach some poor person's well and make it unusable or will reach a stream, river, or waterbody and start to contaminate that.
If so much oil has leaked that a floating pond of ouil has developed on the groundwater surface, it is very difficult to clean up the problem. Normally, one just digs up all the contaminated soil and sends it off somewhere for treatment or isolation (burial), but when there is a floating phase (pond of oil on the water table), the oil has to be pumped out and this is difficult and slow.
All the time that the soil and water has oil in or on it, the groundwater will continue to be contaminated. to stop the contamination of the water, one must remove all of the oil that leaked, whether as coatings on the soil particles or as a separate liquid mass.
The gas or oil will also give off vapors that can affect nearby buildings or whatever as well.